Kim Kardashian

Kimberly Noel "Kim" Kardashian[1]  (born October 21, 1980)[2]  is an American socialite, television personality, businesswoman,fashion designer, model, author, and actress. In 2006, she gained notoriety as the subject of a sex tape that subsequently resulted in a court awarding her $5 million. In 2007, she and her family rose to prominence with their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E! E!] reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians and its subsequent spin-offs, including Kourtney and Kim Take New York and Kourtney and Kim Take Miami.[3]  In 2010, Kardashian was the highest-earning reality star, with estimated earnings of $6 million.

With sisters Kourtney and Khloé, Kardashian co-owns the fashion boutique chain D-A-S-H. She has been involved in the production of several lines of clothing and fragrances. In August 2011, Kardashian married basketball player Kris Humphries in a widely publicized ceremony. That October, Kardashian filed for divorce following 72 days of marriage. The move garnered significant backlash from the media, who labeled it a "publicity stunt".



Early life
Kardashian was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of attorney Robert Kardashian and his wife Kris Kardashian (born Houghton). Her father was a third-generation Armenian American. Her paternal great-grandparents, Sam and Harom Kardaschoff, were ethnic Armenian Molokan Jumpers from Karakale, Kars, Russian Empire (now Turkey). They migrated to the United States in 1913, just before the Armenian Genocide.[4]  Her mother is of Dutch and Scottish descent.[5]  Kardashian has two sisters, Kourtney and Khloé, and one brother, Robert. She has stepbrothers Burton Jenner, Brandon Jenner, and reality TV star Brody Jenner, step-sister Casey Jenner, and half-sisters Kendall Jenner and Kylie Jenner.[6]  She graduated from Marymount High School in 1998.[7]

In 2000, Kardashian married music producer Damon Thomas; their relationship ended in divorce in 2004. Subsequently she dated R&Bsinger Ray J, NFL star Reggie Bush,[8] , Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Miles Austin[9]  and TV presenter Nick Cannon.[10]  She also dated model Gabriel Aubry.[11]  Kardashian was a friend of Paris Hilton, who introduced her to the socialite scene.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Us_Weekly_February_2011_12-0" style="line-height:1em;">[12]

2007–08
In February 2007, a home sex video that Kardashian made with singer Ray J in 2003<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="line-height:1em;">[13]  was leaked.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vivid_14-0" style="line-height:1em;">[14]  Vivid Entertainment bought the rights for $1 million and released the film as Kim Kardashian: Superstar on February 21.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vivid_14-1" style="line-height:1em;">[14]  She sued Vivid for ownership of the tape. In late April 2007, Kardashian dropped the suit and settled with Vivid Entertainment for $5 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15" style="line-height:1em;">[15]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">In October 2007, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, a reality television series focusing on the lives of the Kardashian and Jenner family, premiered on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E! E!]. As of December 2012, seven seasons have aired. Its success would propel the family to fame and lead to the creation of spin-offs Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami, Kourtney and Kim Take New York, Khloé & Lamar, and Kourtney and Kim Take Miami.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height:1em;">[16]  In December 2007, Kardashian posed nude for Playboy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="line-height:1em;">[17]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">In 2008, Kardashian starred as Lisa in her first feature film Disaster Movie, a disaster film spoof.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-megafon_18-0" style="line-height:1em;">[18]  She was one of thirteen participants on the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars. She was partnered with Mark Ballas, and was the third contestant to be voted off.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="line-height:1em;">[19] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-megafon_18-1" style="line-height:1em;">[18] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="line-height:1em;">[20]

2009–10
On April 9, 2009, Kardashian released a workout DVD series, Fit In Your Jeans By Friday, with trainers Jennifer Galardi and Patrick Goudeau.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-forbes_26-0" style="line-height:1em;">[26] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="line-height:1em;">[27]  In September 2009, Fusion Beauty and Seven Bar Foundation launched "Kiss Away Poverty", with Kardashian as the face of the campaign. For every LipFusion lipgloss sold, $1 went to the Foundation to fund women entrepreneurs in the US.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="line-height:1em;">[28]  Kardashian has been involved in multiple lawsuits. Sanford Siegal, the creator of the Cookie Diet, sued Kardashian, claiming she defamed him on Twitter. According to Siegal, Kardashian tweeted in October 2009 that he was "falsely promoting" that she was on the cookie diet. Siegal filed a claim in a Florida state court charging that her statements were false and defamatory. He also alleged that Kardashian was on QuickTrim's payroll when she posted the tweet. Kardashian's tweet appears to stem from an article on CookieDiet.com, that named Kardashian as one of many celebrities who saw positive results on the diet. Kardashian sent a cease-and-desist order to Siegal, demanding the link be removed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="line-height:1em;">[29]  Along with Khloé and Kourtney, she guest starred as herself on the season three premiere episode of the series 90210.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="line-height:1em;">[30]  On December 16, 2009, Kardashian made a guest star appearance on CBS's CSI: NY with Vanessa Minnillo.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="line-height:1em;">[31] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-megafon_18-3" style="line-height:1em;">[18]  Kardashian has been a guest host of WrestleMania XXIV and guest judge onAmerica's Next Top Model in 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="line-height:1em;">[32] In January 2009, Kardashian made a guest appearance as herself in the How I Met Your Motherepisode "Benefits".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="line-height:1em;">[21]  Later in the year, she starred as Summa Eve in the film Deep in the Valley<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-megafon_18-2" style="line-height:1em;">[18] and as Elle in the television series Beyond the Break.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="line-height:1em;">[22]  In March 2009, Kardashian launched an endorsement with ShoeDazzle shopping,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="line-height:1em;">[23]  of which she is the co-founder and chief fashion stylist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kimkardashianproducts_24-0" style="line-height:1em;">[24]  She endorses a vanilla cupcake mix flavor called 'Va-Va-Va-Nilla' for the Los Angeles bakery, Famous Cupcakes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kimkardashianproducts_24-1" style="line-height:1em;">[24]  She has endorsed various food products for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%27s_Jr. Carl's Jr.]'s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kimkardashianproducts_24-2" style="line-height:1em;">[24] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="line-height:1em;">[25]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">Kardashian's 2010 earnings were the highest among Hollywood-based reality stars, being estimated at $6 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="line-height:1em;">[33]  In April 2010, Kardashian sparked controversy over the way she held a kitten for a photograph, holding it by the scruff of its neck.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="line-height:1em;">[34]  The same year, animal rights organization PETA criticized Kardashian for repeatedly wearing fur coats, and named her as one of the five worst people or organizations of 2010 when it came to animal welfare.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="line-height:1em;">[35]  On July 1, 2010, the New York City branch of Madame Tussauds revealed a wax figure of Kardashian.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="line-height:1em;">[36]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">Kardashian served as producer of The Spin Crowd, a reality television show about Command PR, a New York City public relations firm, run by Jonathan Cheban and Simon Huck. The show followed them as they settle into their new offices in Los Angeles. Kardashian is friends with both, specifically Cheban, who frequently appears on her reality shows.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="line-height:1em;">[37] In 2010, she also appeared on the the tenth season of The Apprentice.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="line-height:1em;">[38] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="line-height:1em;">[39]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">Kim, Kourtney, and Khloé wrote an autobiography entitled Kardashian Konfidential, which was released in stores on November 23, 2010, and appeared on New York Times ' s Best Seller List.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="line-height:1em;">[40] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-41" style="line-height:1em;">[41]  In December 2010, Kardashian filmed a music video for a song titled "Jam (Turn It Up)". The video was directed by Hype Williams; Kanye West makes a cameo in the video.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" style="line-height:1em;">[42]  Kardashian premiered the song during a New Year's Eve party at TAO Las Vegas on December 31, 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="line-height:1em;">[43]  The song was produced by The-Dream and Tricky Stewart. When asked if an album was in the works, Kardashian replied, "There's no album in the works or anything—just one song we did for Kourtney and Kim Take New York, and a video Hype Williams directed, half of the proceeds we're giving away to a cancer foundation, because The-Dream's and one of my parents passed away from cancer. It's just all having fun—with a good cause".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="line-height:1em;">[44]  Jim Farber, writing for the Daily News, called the song a "dead-brained piece of generic dance music, without a single distinguishing feature," and suggested that the single made Kardashian the "worst singer in the reality TV universe."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="line-height:1em;">[45]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">With Kourtney and Khloé, Kardashian co-owns the clothing boutique chain D-A-S-H. The chain includes stores in Los Angeles, New York and Miami.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-forbes_26-1" style="line-height:1em;">[26]  The sisters have also released various clothing lines. One is 'K-Dash' which was sold through QVC.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46" style="line-height:1em;">[46] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="line-height:1em;">[47]  The sisters designed and developed clothing lines for Bebe stores and 'Virgins, Saints, and Angels'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="line-height:1em;">[48] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49" style="line-height:1em;">[49] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50" style="line-height:1em;">[50]  The sisters created a sunless tanner, 'Kardashian Glamour Tan', in 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51" style="line-height:1em;">[51]  Kardashian also released her first fragrance, "Kim Kardashian", in 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fragrances_52-0" style="line-height:1em;">[52] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-53" style="line-height:1em;">[53]

<p style="margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.5em;">She has also been featured on numerous magazine covers, including Harper’s Bazaar, Cosmo, Marie Claire, Allure, and People Magazine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="line-height:1em;">[54] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="line-height:1em;">[55] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="line-height:1em;">[56]

2011–present
In March 2012, Kardashian debuted her fourth fragrance entitled "True Reflection", which she worked with the company Dress for Success to promote.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69" style="line-height:1em;">[69]  That month, Kardashian and her sisters were named in a $5 million class action lawsuit against QuickTrim, the weight loss supplement they endorse.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70" style="line-height:1em;">[70]  The complaint, filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, accuses the Kardashians (along with QuickTrim’s manufacturer, Windmill Health Products; the retailer GNC; and others in the sales and marketing chain) of false and deceptive marketing of the diet aid. The plaintiffs, hailing from several states, brought claims under their respective states’ consumer protection laws.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71" style="line-height:1em;">[71]  In April, E! renewed Keeping Up with the Kardashians for two additional seasons, in a deal reported to be worth $50 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72" style="line-height:1em;">[72] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73" style="line-height:1em;">[73]  Kardashian, who began dating American rapper Kanye West that month,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74" style="line-height:1em;">[74]  was still legally married to Humphries. In an August 2012 article from the Associated Press, Humphries' attorney noted that a trial may occur before the divorce could be resolved, while a judge felt that the divorce could be resolved by May 2013.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75" style="line-height:1em;">[75]  In October 2012, Kardashian released her fifth fragrance, "Glam", which "draws on the glamour of her Hollywood lifestyle", and was made available throughDebenhams.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76" style="line-height:1em;">[76]  In November, Kardashian and her sisters internationally launched the 'Kardashian Collection' in England,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77" style="line-height:1em;">[77] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78" style="line-height:1em;">[78]  as well as launching a line of cosmetics, 'Khroma Beauty'.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79" style="line-height:1em;">[79]  In December 2012, Kardashian and West announced that she is pregnant with their first child.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80" style="line-height:1em;">[80] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81" style="line-height:1em;">[81] Kardashian, who has supported recognition of the Armenian Genocide on numerous occasions, encouraged American President Barack Obamaand the United States government to consider its acknowledgement. On April 21, 2011, days before the 96th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, Kardashian wrote about the issue on her blog and sent a tweet to her fans, urging its recognition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57" style="line-height:1em;">[57]  That April, she also released her third fragrance "Gold".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fragrances_52-1" style="line-height:1em;">[52]  In May, she became engaged to NBA player Kris Humphries, then of the New Jersey Nets, whom she had been dating since October 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" style="line-height:1em;">[58]  They were married during an extravagant wedding ceremony on August 20 in Montecito, California.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59" style="line-height:1em;">[59]  Earlier that month, she had released her "wedding fragrance" called "Kim Kardashian Love" which coincided with her own wedding.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60" style="line-height:1em;">[60] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fragrances_52-2" style="line-height:1em;">[52]  A two-part TV special showing the preparations and the wedding itself aired on E! in early October 2011, amidst what The Washington Post called a "media blitz" related to the wedding.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61" style="line-height:1em;">[61]  Also in October, Kardashian and her sisters opened their Kardashian Khaos store in Las Vegas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62" style="line-height:1em;">[62]  After 72 days of marriage, Kardashian filed for divorce from Humphries on October 31, citing irreconcilable differences.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63" style="line-height:1em;">[63]  After filing for the divorce, Kardashian asked the court to order Humphries to pay his own legal expenses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64" style="line-height:1em;">[64]  On December 1, Humphries filed his response to Kardashian's petition, requesting an annulment on the grounds of fraud or if the court will not grant an annulment, a decree of legal separation rather than Kardashian's requested divorce.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65" style="line-height:1em;">[65]  Several news outlets surmised that Kardashian's marriage to Humphries was merely a publicity stunt, to promote the Kardashian family's brand and their subsequent television ventures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66" style="line-height:1em;">[66]  Her former publicist also claimed that her short-lived wedding was indeed staged and a ploy to generate money. Kardashian filed suit against him, saying his claims were untrue.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67" style="line-height:1em;">[67]  A widely circulated petition asking to remove all Kardashian-related programming from the air followed the split.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68" style="line-height:1em;">[68]

<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">In March 2012, Kardashian debuted her fourth fragrance entitled "True Reflection", which she worked with the company  Dress for Success<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> to promote. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[69] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> That month, Kardashian and her sisters were named in a $5 million  class action lawsuit<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> against QuickTrim, the weight loss supplement they endorse. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-70" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[70] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> The complaint, filed in the  United States District Court for the Southern District of New York<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">, accuses the Kardashians (along with QuickTrim’s manufacturer, Windmill Health Products; the retailer GNC; and others in the sales and marketing chain) of false and deceptive marketing of the diet aid. The plaintiffs, hailing from several states, brought claims under their respective states’  consumer protection laws<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[71] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> In April,  E!<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> renewed  Keeping Up with the Kardashians<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> for two additional seasons, in a deal reported to be worth $50 million. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[72] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[73] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> Kardashian, who began dating American rapper  Kanye West<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> that month, <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[74] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> was still legally married to Humphries. In an August 2012 article from the  Associated Press<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">, Humphries' attorney noted that a trial may occur before the divorce could be resolved, while a judge felt that the divorce could be resolved by May 2013. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[75] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> In October 2012, Kardashian released her fifth fragrance, "Glam", which "draws on the glamour of her Hollywood lifestyle", and was made available through Debenhams<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;">. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[76] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> In November, Kardashian and her sisters internationally launched the 'Kardashian Collection' in England, <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[77] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[78] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> as well as launching a line of cosmetics, 'Khroma Beauty'. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[79] <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;line-height:19.200000762939453px;"> In December 2012, Kardashian and West announced that she is pregnant with their first child. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[80] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81" style="line-height:1em;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:sans-serif;">[81]